Full Article
Health-Benefits-of-Water-cited resources
At What Temperature Does Water Freeze?
The Encyclopedia of Earth - Temperature, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.eoearth.org/article/temperature
National Weather Service Forecast Office - Dry Ice, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/vef/kids/dryice.php
The ICEHOTEL - Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.icehotel.com/uk/ICEHOTEL/
Small Business Trends - "Changes in the Centuries Old Ice Industry Arrive," December 17, 2005, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://smallbiztrends.com/2005/12/changes-in-the-centuries-old-ice-industry-arrive.html
Ice House America - Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.icehouseamerica.com/
Bottle Water Analysis
"Bottled Water Basics." <em>EPA.</em> EPA, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2009. www.epa.gov/safewater/faq/pdfs/fs_healthseries_bottlewater.pdf.
"Regulation of Bottled Water." <em>Food and Drug Administration.</em> FDA, 8 July 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2009. <www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Testimony/ucm170932.htm >.
Can Water Be Magnetized?
"Magnetizing Water: Baseline's Alternative Health Newsletter." Natural Health, Alternative Health Newsletter and Natural Detox Program - Jon Barron. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2010. http://www.jonbarron.org/baseline-health-program/11-04-2002_2.php.
Larsen, Hans R., and MSc ChE. "Magnetized water: Universal Source of Health?." International Health News (Health, Nutrition, Medicine). N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2010. http://www.yourhealthbase.com/mag_water.htm.
"Magnetised Water for Magnetic Therapy ." Can Magnetic Therapy Bracelets Really Relieve Pain Or Not?. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2010. http://www.magnetictherapyfacts/
Can You Drink Too Much Water?
"UMIM: Healing Foods Pyramid - Water | University of Michigan Health System." University of Michigan Health System. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. http://www.med.umich.edu/umim/food-pyramid/water.htm.
"Can I Die from Drinking Too Much Water? - Military Fitness - Military.com ." News | Military.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Aug. 2012. http://www.military.com/military-fitness/health/water-plus-oxygen-equals-weight-loss.
"Hyponatremia - PubMed Health." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Aug. 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001431/
Does an Ice Cube Melt Faster In Air or Water?
University of Maine - Scientific Method Experiment: Factors Affecting How Ice Melts, Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://www.umaine.edu/NSFGK-12/images/PDFs/IceMeltcomPM.pdf
University of Illinois Physics Department - Melting Ice in Water or Air, Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1666
Live Science - "How Ice Melts: "Longstanding Mystery Solved", June 30, 2005, Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://www.livescience.com/environment/050630_melting_discovery.html
Does Carbonated Water Cause Weight Gain?
"Carbon Dioxide - Carbonic Acid Equilibrium." Utah State University Chemistry & Biology. Utah State University, n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. <www.chem.usu.edu/~sbialkow/Classes/3600/Overheads/Carbonate
"Drink to Your Health." UCLA Dining Services. UCLA, n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. www.dining.ucla.edu/housing_site/dining/SNAC_pdf/DrinkToYourHealth.pdf
4, Jeffree Itrich | December, and 2006. "Avoiding the Annual Holiday Gain." UC SAN DIEGO NEWS CENTER. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/thisweek/2006/dec/12_04_weight.asp.
"UMIM: Healing Foods Pyramid - Water | University of Michigan Health System." University of Michigan Health System. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. http://www.med.umich.edu/umim/food-pyramid/water.htm.
Does Carbonated Water Count Towards Daily Water Intake?
"HGIC 4151 Fluid Needs : Extension : Clemson University : South Carolina." Clemson University. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. <http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/food/nutrition/nutrition/special_needs
"Bottled Water Know the Facts." Iowa State University Extension. Iowa State University, n.d. Web. 5 June 2010. www.extension.iastate.edu/publications/pm1813.pdf.
"Drink to Your Health." UCLA Dining Services. UCLA, n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. <www.dining.ucla.edu/housing_site/dining/SNAC_pdf/DrinkToYourHealth.pdf
4, Jeffree Itrich | December, and 2006. "Avoiding the Annual Holiday Gain." UC SAN DIEGO NEWS CENTER. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/thisweek/2006/dec/12_04_weight.asp.
Does Carbonated Water Dehydrate You?
4, Jeffree Itrich | December, and 2006. "Avoiding the Annual Holiday Gain." UC SAN DIEGO NEWS CENTER. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2010. http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/thisweek/2006/dec/12_04_weight.asp.
"Drink to Your Health." UCLA Dining Services. UCLA, n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. www.dining.ucla.edu/housing_site/dining/SNAC_pdf/DrinkToYourHealth.pdf.
"Water and Hydration." The University of Arizona Campus Health Service Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. <http://www.health.arizona.edu/health_topics/nutrition/general/waterhydration
"Why Drinking Water Is the Way to Go ." KidsHealth - the Web's most visited site about children's health. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/water.html.
Does Carbonated Water Hydrate You?
Perryman, Shirley, MS, and RD. "Cool Tips for Summer Drinks." Colorado State University Extension. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/columnnn/nn080717.html.
"Drink to Your Health." UCLA Dining Services. UCLA, n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. www.dining.ucla.edu/housing_site/dining/SNAC_pdf/DrinkToYourHealth.pdf
"Water and Hydration." The University of Arizona Campus Health Service Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. <http://www.health.arizona.edu/health_topics/nutrition/general/waterhydration
"Why Drinking Water Is the Way to Go ." KidsHealth - the Web's most visited site about children's health. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/water.html.
"The Hazards of Too Much Water - Harvard Health Publications." Health Information and Medical Information - Harvard Health Publications. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. http://www.health.harvard.edu/press_releases/the-hazards-of-too-much-water.
Does Carbonated Water Leach Calcium?
Heaney, Robert P, and Karen Rafferty. "Carbonated Beverages and Urinary Calcium Excretion." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74.3 (2001): 343-347. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Web. 5 June 2010.
Lantham-New, SA. "Importance of Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin K for Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment." The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67.2 (2008): 163-176. National Institue of Health. Web. 5 June 2010.
"Drink to Your Health." UCLA Dining Services. UCLA, n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. www.dining.ucla.edu/housing_site/dining/SNAC_pdf/DrinkToYourHealth.pdf
Heaney, RP. "Dietary Protein and Phosphorus Do Not Affect Calcium Absorption." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72.3 (2000): 758-761. National Institue of Health. Web. 5 June 2010.
"How To Stay Healthy Update." Health Information and Medical Information - Harvard Health Publications. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2010. http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/Harchive/healthy.600.shtml#bones.
Does Hot Water Freeze Faster Than Cold Water?
Jeng, Monwhea. "Can Hot Water Freeze Faster Than Cold Water?" Physics@NCKU. National Cheng Kung University, Nov. 1998. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. http://www.phys.ncku.edu.tw/mirrors/physicsfaq/General/hot_water.html.
Mpemba, E. B., and D. G. Osborne. "Cool?" Physics Education 14.7 (1979): 410-13. Print.
"Is It True That Hot Water Freezes Faster Than Cold Water or That Cold Water Boils Faster Than Hot Water?" Scientific American. 21 Oct. 1998. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=is-it-true-that-hot-water.
Does Iron React with Water?
Electrochemistry Encyclopedia - Electrochemistry of Corrosion, Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://electrochem.cwru.edu/encycl/art-c02-corrosion.htm
Specialty Steel Industry of North America: Stainless Steel, Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://www.ssina.com/faq/index.html
Swedish Corrosion Institute - Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://www.ist-world.org/OrgUnitDetails.aspx?OrgUnitId=6e723a09ac194fb5ac70e01e76e3ec45
Mercasol.com - "Cars Rust Despite Anti-Corrosion Guarantees", Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://www.mercasol.com/your-car-rusts
Does Salt Make Water Boil Faster?
Sciencebase.com - "Salt and the Boiling Point of Water", December 27, 2006, Retrieved August 23, 2010 from http://www.sciencebase.com/science-blog/how-does-salt-affect-the-boiling-point-of-water.html
"Freezing Point Depression in Solutions." Hyperphysics. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/meltpt.html.
"colligative." Department of Chemistry. Iowa State University, n.d. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. <http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/propOfSoln/colligative.html>.
How Does a Water Tower Work?
"WaterTowers.com - Water Tower Facts." WaterTowers.com - Water Towers. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Aug. 2012. http://www.watertowers.com/facts.html
"Water Tower Level Monitoring and Pump Control ." Banner Engineering Corp.. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Aug. 2012. http://www.bannerengineering.com/en-US/wireless/surecross_web_apps-wastewater
How Does the Water Cycle Work?
United States Geological Survey (USGS) - Hydrologic Cycle, Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html
BPComplaints.com - "Gulf Oil Spill Causing Toxic Rain, Killing Crops???", July 1, 2010, Retrieved August 29, 2010 from http://www.bpcomplaints.com/2010/07/urgent-gulf-oil-spill-causing-toxic-rain-killing-crops/
How Long Can a Person Survive Without Water?
"UPDATE: Holy Man's Two Weeks Without Food, Water - Incredible Health - FOXNews.com." FOXNews.com - Breaking News | Latest News | Current News. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Aug. 2010. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,592544,00.html.
"Re: How long can a human live without water and food." MadSciNet: The 24-hour exploding laboratory.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Aug. 2010. http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1999-09/937540022.Gb.r.html.
" BBC News | ASIA-PACIFIC | Samoan fishermen survive epic drift voyage." BBC News - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Aug. 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1651807.stm.
How Much Does Water Weigh?
"Water properties: Water Science for Schools: Physical and chemical water properties." USGS Georgia Water Science Center - Home page. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterproperties.html.
"molecular weight." Oracle ThinkQuest Library . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://library.thinkquest.org/19957/chemcomp/molecularweightbody.html.
"My Waterbed Shop - All your waterbed and air bed questions answered. ." Waterbeds - Shop Online For All Your Waterbed Needs Including Sheets, Mattresses And Heaters . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://www.my-waterbed-shop.com/pillow.html#8.
How Much of the Earth's Water Is Drinkable?
"BBC - Climate Change - Bloom Home." BBC - Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/environment/conservationnow/global/freshwater.
"Safe Drinking Water is Essential - Sources." Safe Drinking Water Is Essential-National Academy of Sciences. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://www.drinking-water.org/html/en/Sources/index.html.
"Water is Life - Global Water Cycle." Academic Program Pages at Evergreen. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz/murphymw.
"Drinking Water." US Environmental Protection Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2012. http://www.epa.gov/region07/kids/drnk_b.htm
How Much Water to Drink a Day
"Chapter 2 Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs." www.health.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 July 2010. http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/html/chapter2.htm.
"Nutrition for Everyone: Basics: Water | DNPAO | CDC." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 July 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/water.html.
Casa PhD, ATC, FACSM, Douglas J, and Priscilla M. Clarkson, PhD, FACSM. "American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable on Hydration and Physical Activity: Consensus Statements." American College of Sports Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 July 2010. www.acsm.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Past_Roundtables&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=2729.
How to Distill Water
"Treatment Systems for Household Water Supplies -- Distillation." NDSU Agriculture — NDSU. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Aug. 2010. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/h2oqual/watsys/ae1032w.htm.
"Distillation for home water treatment." www.msue.msu.edu: Error Encountered. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2010. http://web1.msue.msu.edu/waterqual/docs/wq22p1.html.
"Distillation." NebGuide. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2010. www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/g1493/build/g1493.pdf.
"Treatment Systems for Household Water Supplies -- Distillation." NDSU Agriculture - NDSU. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2010. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/h2oqual/watsys/ae1032w.htm.
How to Make Carbonated Water
Mallet, John . "Pop Art: Making Soda: BrewPub Magazine Feature 2." BrewPub Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. <http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869V/CHEM869VLinks/www.brewpubmag.com/98jul/feature2.html>.
American Chemical Society (ACS) - Joseph Priestley, Retrieved August 23, 2010 from http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=925&content_id=CTP_004441&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=bce04da4-1bcd-440c-8473-8b8ef6836bde
"Sodastream | Sparkling Water." Sodastream | Turn Water Into Fresh Sparkling Water And Soda. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. http://www.sodastreamusa.com/seltzer.aspx.
Is Carbonated Water Bad for You?
Fass, MD,, Ronnie , Stuart F. Quan, MD, FCCP,, George T. O'Connor, MD, FCCP,, Ann Ervin, MPH, and Conrad Iber, MD, FCCP . "Predictors of Heartburn During Sleep in a Large Prospective Cohort Study." Chest 127.5 (2005): 1658-1666. Print.
Florida Tech, History of Science - Torben Bergman, February 6, 2010, Retrieved August 23, 2010 from http://historyofscience2010.blogspot.com/2010/02/torben-bergman-1735-1784.html
"A Guide to the National Drinking Water Standards and Private Water Systems." Virginia Water Resources Research Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2010. www.vwrrc.vt.edu/pdfs/specialreports/edureports/guide_to_drinking_water_standards.pdf.
Signs of Drinking Too Much Water
"Hyponatremia." Penn State Hershey. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/h/hyponatremia.htm.
"Hyponatremia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000394.htm.
Tap Water vs Bottled Water
"EPA Drinking Water and Health: What You Need to Know." <em>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</em> N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2009. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwh/.
"Bottled Water Basics." <em>EPA.</em> EPA, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2009. www.epa.gov/safewater/faq/pdfs/fs_healthseries_bottlewater.pdf.
What Is the Boiling Point of Water?
CIESE - The International Boiling Point Experiment, Retrieved September 2, 2010 from http://www.k12science.org/curriculum/boilproj/index.html
The Water Page - Water Basics, Retrieved September 2, 2010 from http://www.africanwater.org/waterbasics.htm
NASA - "Making a Splash on Mars", June 29, 2000, Retrieved September 2, 2010 from http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2000/ast29jun_1m/
What Is the Purpose of a Water Tower?
City of St. Louis Water Division - Water Towers, Retrieved August 7, 2011 from http://www.stlwater.com/watertowers.php
Water-Towers.com - Main Questionnaire, Retrieved August 7, 2011 from http://www.water-towers.com/wtrscustomplans2.html
What Is Water Intoxication?
"Fatal water intoxication." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1770067>.
"How many ounces of water should I drink in a day? Daily water amounts . . . ." Holistic Health Care, Alternative Health Care, Holistic and Alternative Health Care ~Dr. Loretta Standley. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://www.drstandley.com/food_water.shtml.
What Percentage of the Earth's Water Is Frozen?
NASA Earth Observatory - Arctic Sea Ice, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/SeaIce/page3.php
NASA Earth Observatory - Antarctic Sea Ice, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/SeaIce/page4.php
The Guardian - "Greeland Ice Sheet Faces 'Tipping Point in Ten Years'", August 10, 2010, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/aug/10/greenland-ice-sheet-tipping-point
Dimensions Guide - Greenland Ice Thickness, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.dimensionsguide.com/greenland-ice-thickness/
NASA - Sea Ice, Featured Articles, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=2430
What Temperature Does Water Turn to Steam?
The Encypledia of Earth - Temperature, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.eoearth.org/article/temperature
Power for Georgians - Supercritical Power Plants, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.power4georgians.com/supercritical.aspx
Survival and Self-Reliance - Steam Applications, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.ssrsi.org/sr2/Heat/steam.htm
Backwoods Home Magazine - "Is Steam Power in Your Future?", January/February 1997, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.backwoodshome.com/articles/goebel43.html
Michigan State University, College of Engineering - Brief History of the Steam Engine, Retrieved August 18, 2010 from http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/
Why Does Water Expand When It Freezes?
"Why Does Water Expand When It Freezes?" International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). 21 Apr. 2000. Web. 23 Feb. 2011. http://www.iapws.org/faq1/freeze.htm.
"Why Does Water Expand When It Freezes?" MSU Physics and Astronomy Department. Web. 23 Feb. 2011. http://www.pa.msu.edu/sciencet/ask_st/040694.html.
Ehre, David, Etay Lavert, Igor Lubomirsky, and Meir Lahav. Water Freezes Differently on Positively and Negatively Charged Surfaces of Pyroelectric Materials. Rep. Science, 5 Feb. 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2011. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5966/672.abstract.
Why Is Water a Polor Molecule?
"Polar Bonds of Water." Virtual Microscope Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Aug. 2010. http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/water.htm.
"Water molecule structure: Introduction." London South Bank University. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Aug. 2010. http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/mol-easy.html.
"Chemistry Tutorial." The Biology Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Aug. 2010. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/tutorials/chemistry/page3.html.
Why Is Water Called the Universal Solvent?
"In Depth--what's in the water." Iowa Public Television. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2010. http://www.iptv.org/exploremore/water/in_depth/what.cfm.
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