Along with such well-known components as wings, low-density bones and a highly attuned sense of echolocation, scientists recently uncovered a surprising and heretofore overlooked factor underpinning the evolutionary development of bat flight. As a species, they possess an uncanny ability to turn food into energy. 

When researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences compared the mitochondrial genes of four different kinds of bats to those of 60 other mammals, they found that 23% of a critical subset responsible for fueling the enzymes that break down nutrients showed signs of adaptation. Unlike flying squirrels, which simply glide across gaps separating one tree from another, bats are constantly flapping their wings when awake. As a result, they require three to five times more energy than other mammals their size.

Another study published in 2008 found that bats are able to use their skeletal finger bones and muscle fibers to precisely control the curvature of each wing, making split-second adjustments to guard against the powerful forces of gravity. For example, a nectar-eating bat hovering in mid-air creates a mini-cyclone effect at the tip of each wing by curving its wings a certain angle and flapping them three times per second. What's more, the surface of a bat's wings is covered with sensors that are constantly relaying information back to the animal's brain.

One of the scientists involved with this study professed that even after full analysis, he and his colleagues still were not sure entirely sure how the wing sensors system worked. This points up a new golden rule when it comes to answering simple questions such as 'How Do Bats Fly?' As science perfects its methods of measurement and observation, completely new layers of information are being discovered that reconfigure the way in which these questions must be answered.